The impact of endocrine disrupting chemicals on male infertility: A narrative review

This study provides a comprehensive review of the impact of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on male fertility and human health. By synthesizing an extensive body of literature, we explore how common EDCs—such as BPA, phthalates, and persistent organic pollutants—disrupt hormonal regulation and impair reproductive processes. Evidence indicates that even low levels of exposure can lead to significant alterations in spermatogenesis, reduce sperm quality, and induce epigenetic modifications that may have transgenerational consequences. The analysis highlights key mechanisms, including receptor-mediated interference, oxidative stress, and epigenetic changes, proposed to contribute to decreased sperm parameters (number, motility and abnormal morphology) and subsequently hinder males’ fertility. Additionally, the review presents current treatment approaches, such as antioxidant therapies and evaluates the limitations of existing regulatory measures in mitigating these effects. Overall, this review underscores the urgent need for stricter global policies, enhanced detection methods and innovative remediation strategies to reduce EDC exposure and protect reproductive health. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to evaluate transgenerational effects and develop targeted interventions to safeguard male fertility.