Evaluation of diseases resistance of created of winter rye samples

A promising area of winter rye breeding is the creation of highly productive varieties and hybrids with a high level of genetic resistance to diseases and pests. Breeding for immunity requires knowledge of genetic mechanisms of resistance. For this purpose, the source material is tested on the natural background of agrocenoses. The analysis of winter rye created samples in resistance to pathogens of the most harmed diseases of culture, in particular, snow mold (Microdochium nivale), powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis F.sp. Secalis), brown rust (Puccinia recondita), steam rust (Puccinia graminis F.sp. Secalis), septoria (Septoria tritici Rob. Et Desm.) and fusarium of the ear (Fusarium graminarum, Fusarium sporotrichiella) were the purpose of research. The research was conducted at the experimental areas of the Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology of Uman National University during 2021-2023. The materials served as five released lines 1714-1, 1719-3, 1731-9, 1742-5, 1744-2, created by intraspecific hybridization of geographically distant forms. Having analyzed the created forms of winter rye for resistance to pathogens of culture, it has been confirmed that there are currently no varieties and hybrids with absolute resistance, but a number of lines that have been resistant to individual pathogens have been distinguished and isolated in the study process. These materials can be used of gene donors in breeding process for resistance. It is reasonable to use the materials as gene donors in breeding for resistance. Sample 1731-9 is effectively used as a donor of resistance genes to ear fusarium, sample 1744-2 – to septoria disease. Two samples (1742-5 and 1744-2) showed complex resistance to powdery mildew, brown and stem rust pathogens. A high level of resistance of the obtained lines (8-9 points) to local races of pathogens populations of identified diseases was established. They are included in breeding programs for the creation of resistant initial forms of the crop. Finding out the inheritance patterns of complex resistance to diseases of the created winter rye samples will allow to determine the resistance donors in the breeding process of obtaining the source material. Key words: winter rye, sample, resistance, pathogens, resistance donor.