Sudden cardiac arrest in a shockable rhythm induced by energy drinks: a case report

Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is a life-threatening condition often caused by ventricular fibrillation, which requires immediate defibrillation. Automated external defibrillators (AEDs) are a crucial tool in the chain of survival in such situations, allowing rapid restoration of a perfusing rhythm and preventing the death of the patient. This article aims to present the role of AEDs in cases of SCA due to ventricular fibrillation and to analyse the impact of poor dietary habits, particularly excessive consumption of energy drinks, on the risk of SCA. The case of a 26-year-old man who experienced SCA after consuming large amounts of energy drinks illustrates the mechanism through which stimulants in these drinks can induce dangerous arrhythmias, such as ventricular fibrillation. Excess caffeine and other stimulants can lead to overstimulation of the nervous and cardiovascular systems, resulting in disturbances in heart rhythm. In the described case, the quick intervention of the patient's coworkers, who immediately initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and used an AED, led to return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). The patient was subsequently transported to the hospital, where an ICD was implanted as a preventive measure to avoid recurrent arrhythmias. The article highlights the risks associated with excessive consumption of energy drinks and a poor diet, emphasising the need for education about their potential health hazards. Excessive energy drink intake can lead to severe heart rhythm disturbances and increase the risk of SCA, making it important to promote healthy eating habits and awareness of the dangers associated with stimulants.