Sustainable indoor air purification using treated puffed rice waste: a functional and structural material evaluation

Introduction The study addresses IAQ and rice waste management with a bio-based material for CO₂ capture. Methods Rice was thermally puffed and treated with NaOH. Characterization and performance evaluation were conducted. Results Achieved 38% CO₂ removal at 2 M NaOH treatment, with enhanced porosity confirmed. Discussion The material provides a sustainable IAQ solution, suitable for architectural integration.