Artificial intelligence in human resources: trends and competencies

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force across various industries, and Human Resource Management (HRM) is no exception. The implementation of AI tools is profoundly altering critical processes in the employee lifecycle, such as Recruitment and Selection, Onboarding, Training and Development, Performance Evaluation, and Talent Retention. This study aimed to explore the key trends in the use of AI in HR processes and identify the skills that HR professionals must develop to maximize the success of its implementation. The study is grounded in the employee lifecycle framework (Cattermole, 2019; Gladka et al., 2022; Kwon & Park, 2019) and relevant literature on AI applications in HRM, including the works of Kaur et al. (2023) and Bulut & Dinler (2023). The literature highlights that AI tools such as chatbots, predictive analytics systems, and personalized e-learning platforms are widely used to automate and optimize various HR processes. The necessary skills for HR professionals in the AI era include digital technology expertise, data literacy, strategic vision, and adaptability. As AI increasingly drives HR processes, it reshapes not only operational tasks but also the strategic role of HR, pushing professionals to evolve from transactional roles to strategic enablers within organizations. To achieve the study's objectives, a systematic review of 152 articles from leading HRM associations and institutions was conducted. The content analysis followed Bardin’s (2006) methodology, which involves selecting, synthesizing, and interpreting the results. Identified trends were categorized according to employee lifecycle stages, and the key skills were organized into an AI competency model for HR professionals. This comprehensive approach allowed for the identification of both widely recognized and emerging trends in the use of AI within HR, providing a robust basis for the competency model proposed.