Stable Operation of Copper-Protected La(FeMnSi)13Hy Regenerators in a Magnetic Cooling Unit

Magnetic refrigeration leads the current commercialization efforts of ambient caloric cooling technologies, is considered among its peers most promising in terms of anticipated energy efficiency gain, and allows for complete elimination of harmful coolants. By now, functional magnetocaloric components (so-called regenerators) based on Mn-substituted and hydrogenated LaFeSi alloys are commercially available. However, this alloy system exhibits magnetostriction, is susceptible to fracture, oxidation, and does not passivate well, rendering it prone to failure and corrosion, particularly when using water as favorable heat exchange medium. Demonstrating stable and extended operation of LaFeSi-based regenerators under realistic conditions with cost-sensitive measures thus constitutes a key milestone for derisking the materials system, paving a path toward reliable and maintenance-friendly magnetic cooling devices. Building upon a fundamental analysis of materials properties, process, and target specifications, we outline a 2-fold protection strategy, encompassing a highly conformal copper coating working in tandem with a tailored inhibitor system. The former is applied using an optimized electroless plating procedure, allowing us to evenly envelop complex regenerator architectures in a dense, nondefective, homogeneous, and ductile copper film of excellent interfacial quality. The latter addresses the corrosion characteristics of both coating and substrate in the application environment. In-device aging experiments prove the effectiveness of our multifaceted approach in maintaining the chemical, mechanical, and functional integrity of LaFeSi regenerators under continuous use. AB - Magnetic refrigeration leads the current commercialization efforts of ambient caloric cooling technologies, is considered among its peers most promising in terms of anticipated energy efficiency gain, and allows for complete elimination of harmful coolants. By now, functional magnetocaloric components (so-called regenerators) based on Mn-substituted and hydrogenated LaFeSi alloys are commercially available. However, this alloy system exhibits magnetostriction, is susceptible to fracture, oxidation, and does not passivate well, rendering it prone to failure and corrosion, particularly when using water as favorable heat exchange medium. Demonstrating stable and extended operation of LaFeSi-based regenerators under realistic conditions with cost-sensitive measures thus constitutes a key milestone for derisking the materials system, paving a path toward reliable and maintenance-friendly magnetic cooling devices. Building upon a fundamental analysis of materials properties, process, and target specifications, we outline a 2-fold protection strategy, encompassing a highly conformal copper coating working in tandem with a tailored inhibitor system. The former is applied using an optimized electroless plating procedure, allowing us to evenly envelop complex regenerator architectures in a dense, nondefective, homogeneous, and ductile copper film of excellent interfacial quality. The latter addresses the corrosion characteristics of both coating and substrate in the application environment. In-device aging experiments prove the effectiveness of our multifaceted approach in maintaining the chemical, mechanical, and functional integrity of LaFeSi regenerators under continuous use.