超临界二氧化碳萃取元宝枫籽油工艺优化Optimization of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of Acer truncatum seed oil

为了得到品质优良的元宝枫籽油产品，采用超临界二氧化碳萃取元宝枫籽油，以油脂萃取率为指标，通过单因素试验和响应面试验优化工艺条件，并对所得元宝枫籽油的脂肪酸组成、理化指标、甾醇和生育酚含量进行分析。结果表明：超临界二氧化碳萃取元宝枫籽油的最优工艺条件为原料粒度380~830 μm(20~40目)、二氧化碳流量28 L/h、萃取温度37 ℃、萃取压力44 MPa、萃取时间100 min，在该条件下油脂萃取率达（98.7±0.2）%；元宝枫籽油中神经酸含量高达9.34%，总不饱和脂肪酸含量为86.7%，各项理化指标均符合相关标准，总甾醇和总生育酚含量分别为988.1 μg/g和991.4 μg/g，综合品质优于正己烷萃取和低温压榨制取的油脂。综上，超临界二氧化碳萃取元宝枫籽油的萃取率高，产品品质优良，是一种绿色、高效的提油技术。In order to obtain high-quality Acer truncatum seed oil, the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction method was used to extract Acer truncatum seed oil, and the process conditions were optimized through single factor experiment and response surface methodology using the oil extraction rate as an indicator. The fatty acid composition, physicochemical indexes, and contents of sterol and tocopherol of the Acer truncatum seed oil were analyzed. The results showed that the optimal process conditions for supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of Acer truncatum seed oil were particle size 380-830 μm(20-40 meshes), carbon dioxide flow rate 28 L/h, extraction temperature 37 ℃, extraction pressure 44 MPa, and extraction time 100 min. Under these conditions, the oil extraction rate reached (98.7±0.2)%. The nervonic acid content in Acer truncatum seed oil was as high as 9.34%, and the total unsaturated fatty acid content was 86.7%. The physicochemical indexes of Acer truncatum seed oil were in line with the relevant standards, and its total sterol and total tocopherol contents were 988.1 μg/g and 991.4 μg/g, respectively. The comprehensive quality of Acer truncatum seed oil extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction was better than that of the oil extracted by hexane extraction and low-temperature pressing. In summary, the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction method has a high oil extraction rate and excellent product quality, which is a green and efficient oil extraction technology.