THE EVOLUTION OF THE STARTUP ECOSYSTEM IN KAZAKHSTAN: TRENDS, CHALLENGES, AND OPPORTUNITIES

This study examines the evolution of Kazakhstan’s startup ecosystem, focusing on key trends, challenges, and opportunities. While government support, university incubators, and state-backed initiatives have accelerated startup growth, limited private investment, talent shortages, and regulatory inefficiencies remain significant barriers. The research, based on interviews with startup founders and stakeholders, highlights the dominance of AI, MedTech, and automation while underscoring the need for stronger international collaboration and a more customer-centric approach. Findings suggest that enhanced investment accessibility and global integration are crucial for sustaining Kazakhstan’s startup ecosystem.