Futuristic Design of Urban Parks with the Biophilic Urban Approach

Introduction: Urban landscapes, especially urban parks, are considered to be among the most important urban spaces in integrating cities with nature. Accordingly, the purpose of this research is to study the future of designing urban parks with a biophilic urban approach.Materials and Methods: To collect data, library resources were used to write an introduction and interview in two stages to reach the actors and objectives. In the first interview, experts were asked to introduce the main actors and important objectives related to the research objective. In the next stage, after collecting data related to the actors and objectives affecting the research objective, actor-actor and actor-objective matrices were formed and then provided to the experts in Word format. They were asked to first determine the effects of the actors on each other with the numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, where the number 0 indicates no effect and the number 4 indicates the most effect, and then to reveal the degree of agreement and disagreement of the actors with the objectives through the numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, where the number 0 indicates no opinion, the number 4 indicates the most agreement and the number 4 indicates the most disagreement. After entering the experts' opinions into the MACTOR software, analyses related to the desired topics, such as the most influential and influential actors and other required items, were conducted, and the results obtained were used in the present study, and at the end, the final research model was extracted through the ATLAS.ti software.Results: The results showed that Islamic city councils and municipalities are the most influential and competitive actors, and plant diversity, utilizing water features, designing spaces for interaction with nature, designing museum spaces related to nature, designing spaces for familiarization with plants, paying attention to designing green paths, observing the per capita soft landscape compared to the hard landscape, designing buildings in the park based on nature, paying attention to cleaning parks, utilizing renewable energy, utilizing the capacity of native plants, utilizing happy colors, utilizing nature-based materials, organic and nature-like design of spaces, paying attention to the sense of sight in design, and having optimal lighting are the most important goals of the actors.Discussion: In general, it can be stated that the decisions made by Islamic city councils and municipalities have the greatest impact on the implementation of the biophilic approach in the design of urban parks and the performance of other actors related to the aforementioned process. Therefore, the two actors mentioned should put specialized decisions that are in line with the conditions of the desired region on their agenda and provide specialized resolutions and plans to other actors so that these decisions can serve as a bridge and a guide for the performance of other actors in carrying out their roles. Also, urban planners, Urban designers, landscape engineers, landscape architects, and nature engineers, as other actors in the process of implementing the biophilic approach in the design of urban parks, should strengthen their communication and make consistent decisions so that these decisions complement each other and prevent obstacles and problems.