胎便中支链脂肪酸与新生儿肠道菌群的相关性研究Correlation between branched-chain fatty acids in fetal stool and neonatal gut microbiota

旨在探究支链脂肪酸（BCFA）对新生儿肠道菌群的影响，采用气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）对不同胎龄新生儿胎便中BCFA组成和含量进行测定，结合16S rRNA测序技术对新生儿肠道菌群组成进行分析，探究胎便中BCFA与新生儿肠道菌群的相关性。结果表明：新生儿胎便样本中共含有70种脂肪酸，其中BCFA 31种，足月儿胎便中的BCFA含量显著高于早产儿的（p＜0.05）；门水平上，变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）和拟杆菌门（Bacteroidota）为新生儿肠道菌群的优势菌群；属水平上，男婴和女婴的优势菌群分别为乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)和假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）；BCFA含量与新生儿肠道中厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门（Actinobacteriota）、蓝藻细菌（Cyanobacteriota）、螺旋菌门（Spirochaetota）均显著相关，其中与拟杆菌门的相关性最显著（p<0.01）。综上，新生儿胎便中的BCFA含量与新生儿肠道菌群具有一定的相关性。 In order to explore the impact of branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) on the gut microbiota of newborns, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to measure the composition and content of BCFA in fetal stool from newborns of different gestational ages, and 16S rRNA sequencing was applied to analyze the composition of the neonatal gut microbiota. The correlation between BCFA in fetal stool and neonatal gut microbiota was explored. The results showed that 70 types of fatty acids were identified in the fetal stool samples, of which 31 were BCFA. The BCFA content in full-term infants was significantly higher than that in preterm infants (p<0.05). At the phylum level, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidota were the dominant phyla in the neonatal gut microbiota. At the genus level, the dominant genera in male and female infants were Lactobacillus and Pseudomonas, respectively. The BCFA content was significantly correlated with the abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteriota, Cyanobacteriota, and Spirochaetota in the neonatal gut, with the most significant correlation observed with Bacteroidota (p<0.01). In conclusion, the BCFA content in fetal stool is associated with the neonatal gut microbiota.