SCIENTIFIC-METHODOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL REFORMS IN THE HIGHER TECHNICAL EDUCATION (HTE) SYSTEM OF RUSSIA OF THE 19TH CENTURY: BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF D.S. ZERNOV’S NOTES

The article is devoted to the analysis of the report of D.S. Zernov, a Russian professor of higher education and mechanics, presented on November 2, 1897 at the meeting of the Commission on Higher Technical Educational (HTE) institutions, established under the Imperial Russian Technical Society. In his detailed report, D.S. Zernov described the state of the HTE system in Russia at the time. This article provides a systematic review of the entire report, emphasizing the key ideas presented by Zernov. It discusses the main criticisms related to the content of HTE curricula and the speaker's proposals for changes in structure, approaches, and teaching methods. Additionally, the article highlights the fundamental scientific and methodological principles that, according to D.S. Zernov, should form the basis for a radical reform of the entire HTE system.