Review and prospects of frequency security and stability research in new-type power systems

With the development of new-type power systems， the uncertainty in output， weak support， limited regulation capability of new energy sources pose significant challenges to the frequency security of power systems. Firstly， this review summarizes the new challenges faced in active power frequency regulation of new-type power systems and elucidates the issues related to their stable operation. Then， it outlines the frequency response models of new-type power systems， introduces safety and stability control measures to address frequency security issues， and analyzes the current research status and shortcomings in frequency security optimization and dispatch. Finally， it discusses and provides an outlook on key research directions， including online security dispatch of new-type power systems， low-frequency load shedding operation， and frequency security dispatch of multi-region interconnected grids.