Structural analysis of Uganda’s pig semen value chain: Actor networks, challenges, and opportunities

Uganda's pig sector has expanded significantly, supporting households and value chain actors, and stimulating development in boar semen production. Despite this growth, the relationships and roles among actors within the boar semen production node remain unclear. This study conducted key informant interviews with six companies that were operating in Uganda between 2019 and 2023. These interviews examined a range of issues including the boar breeds reared and sourcing information, semen production and quality control practices, as well as constraints and opportunities. High-quality genetics enter Uganda through imported boars and gilts, with the six semen-production companies keeping a total of 23 boars (between two to six per company) predominantly of Duroc, Large White and Landrace breeds. Semen quality control involved both macroscopic (colour, temperature, smell) and microscopic (motility, concentration, viability) analyses, which conform to the set semen quality assessment methods. However, challenges remain in maintaining semen viability during storage, controlling storage temperature at 17℃, the high cost of boar genetics, and the lack of clear standards and regulations. Despite these issues, opportunities exist with the growing demand for quality genetics and farmers’ investment interests. Therefore, improved coordination and collaboration between actors along the boar semen value chain could streamline the sector and increase the productivity of Uganda's pig industry.