Relationship between Obesity and the Development of Cardiovascular Diseases in Adults: A Scoping Review

Obesity is considered one of the main public health problems in the contemporary world, being associated with increased morbidity and mortality from various chronic diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases. The presence of excess adipose tissue, especially visceral fat, is related to pathophysiological mechanisms such as low-grade chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, and lipid profile alterations, which significantly contribute to the development of diseases such as arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, acute myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Given the relevance of the topic, this project aims to conduct a scoping review on the relationship between obesity and the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases in adults. The methodology will follow the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The PubMed database will be used, including studies published in the last five years (2020 to 2025), in Portuguese, English, or Spanish. Inclusion criteria will consider observational studies and clinical trials evaluating the association between obesity and the onset of cardiovascular diseases. Studies involving pediatric, elderly, or pregnant populations will be excluded. This review aims to synthesize the main available scientific evidence, highlighting the mechanisms involved and the magnitude of cardiovascular risk associated with obesity. The knowledge generated may support prevention strategies and public policies aimed at controlling obesity and reducing cardiovascular diseases in the population.