Shifting between Spatial and Temporal Reference Frame in Visual Working Memory

In our daily lives, we frequently utilize spatiotemporal cues, such as temporal order or location, when retrieving specific memories. For instance, we often recall related memories through specific temporal positions or spatial positions of events, such as "the second cafe we visited" or "the cafe next to school". In this way, the human memory system constructs and utilizes spatiotemporal reference frames when storing and retrieving information. Recent studies have increasingly emphasized that not only location but also temporal order play crucial roles in memory storage and retrieval processes, leading to growing interest in spatiotemporal reference frames. However, research on how these two reference frames specifically interact during memory retrieval remains insufficient. Therefore, this study aims to explore more concretely how spatiotemporal reference frames interact as memory retrieval cues.