Cultural heritage under siege : deliberate destruction of Serbian monasteries in Kosovo and its implications for religious freedom

Cultural heritage has historically endured destruction, looting, and trafficking, especially during and post-conflicts, with minority communities often bearing the brunt of this loss: the intentional targeting of Serbian monastic communities in Kosovo and its impact on the fundamental human right to religious practice is a growing concern. Serbian monasteries are deeply linked to the development of their collective sense of belonging, with religion representing one of the crucial connections with their ancestral territories. The loss of these edifices, many of which were included in the list of threatened cultural heritage sites, presents a major threat to said community’s religious liberty. The systematic demolition of sacred locations depicts an extensive strategy intended to eradicate the cultural identity and memory of a community. This prompts concerns about the infringement of the religious freedom of minorities, as the destruction of these sites not only jeopardises the tangible cultural heritage of the Serbian population but also endangers their capacity to practice their religion freely. The existing legal framework for war crimes needs revision to categorise these kinds of actions as crimes against humanity because of their far-reaching impacts on individual and collective rights. Spiritual traditions and buildings are tangible links with historical settings that enable people to connect with their past, beliefs, and values. The destruction of Serbian monasteries halted not only the religious practice of individuals but also a vital part of their cultural heritage, thereby weakening their sense of belonging and continuity. The scenario above highlights the complicated link between conserving culture and religious freedom; therefore, the junction between the erga omnes needs to preserve cultural property and human rights. More thorough preservation should be given as respect for cultural legacy forms the basis of enduring peace and intergenerational relationships with collective memory.