Enhancing resilience in urban rail transit construction : evaluation and improvement approaches

This study develops a resilience evaluation method for Urban Rail Transit Projects (URTPs) to address construction disruptions including equipment failures and extreme weather. Integrating the Technical-Organizational-Social (TOS) framework with TOPSIS methodology, we establish a comprehensive factor system and employ combined weighting with extension cloud model for assessment. Empirical analysis of Project J reveals higher resilience level. The research contributes: (1) a novel TOS-based evaluation system for URTP construction-phase resilience, (2) hybrid quantitative assessment method combining subjective-objective weighting and extend cloud model, and (3) prioritized improvement strategies targeting critical resilience factors. These outputs provide both theoretical advancement in infrastructure resilience metrics and practical guidance for URTP risk management, demonstrating how systematic resilience evaluation can inform targeted interventions to enhance project robustness against complex construction challenges.