Hearing one's own voice enhances explicit agency retrospectively whereas implicit agency relies on sensorimotor comparison

People instantly recognize their own voice during speech, and this self-generated auditory feedback helps shape their sense of agency (SoA), the conscious perception of themselves as agents of their speech acts. Although the role of sensorimotor mechanisms in SoA is well-established, how hearing one’s voice as an outcome of speech influences SoA remains unclear. Here, we investigated the retrospective influence of self-voice on the implicit feeling and explicit judgment of agency, conducting a series of experiments using speech and key-press paradigms. We found that hearing self-voice induced stronger intentional binding in speech; however, this effect was absent in keypress, suggesting the retrospective cue alone does not influence this implicit measure of SoA. In contrast, self-voice significantly influenced explicit agency ratings even in the key-press paradigm. This dissociation offers crucial insights into the impact of self-voice identity on the multifaceted mechanisms that construct SoA for the self-referential act of speech.