Network Analysis of Development Patterns of Parent-child and Peer Attachment in Left-Behind Children

With urbanization accelerating, left-behind children (LBC) face increasing challenges in attachment development. Although previous studies have found that LBC score significantly lower in parent-child attachment compared to non-left-behind children (NLBC), conclusions regarding their peer attachment and its relationship with parent-child attachment remain controversial. This study surveyed 1576 adolescents aged 12-17 to examine attachment differences between LBC and NLBC. Results revealed that: 1) LBC had significantly lower paternal, maternal, and peer attachment scores; 2) parent-child attachment predicted peer attachment, with maternal attachment mediating paternal influence; 3) parent-child alienation demonstrated bidirectional associations with peer attachment; 4) separation age and contact frequency significantly affected paternal attachment, while video communication enhanced attachment. These findings elucidated attachment patterns in LBC, providing insights for policy interventions.