LOCATION OF ACCESS POINTS TO THE UPPER AND LOWER COMPARTMENTS OF THE TMJ: A SCOPING REVIEW

The primary objective is to identify and map, within the scientific literature, the main anatomical reference points used to access both the superior and inferior compartments of the TMJ. This investigation is motivated by the observation of considerable heterogeneity in the descriptions of anatomical landmarks, as well as notable variations in the access techniques reported across studies. These access points are essential for the execution of infiltrative and minimally invasive procedures involving the TMJ — such as intra-articular injections, joint lavage, and arthroscopies — all of which rely on accurate and reproducible anatomical references. However, the current literature lacks a well-established standard or consensus regarding the precise localization of these landmarks. In light of this, the present scoping review is justified by the need to systematize existing knowledge, identify gaps in the literature, and contribute to the standardization and safety of clinical procedures involving the temporomandibular joint.