SOCIAL SOLIDARITY AS THE FOUNDATION OF SOCIAL RESILIENCE IN THE MODERN ERA

This study analyzes how social change and structural transformation in Indonesia affect social solidarity in modern society, using Émile Durkheim's theory. Indonesia, with its rich diversity of cultures, religions, ethnicities, and languages, faces significant challenges in maintaining social solidarity. Industrialization, modernization, and urbanization have led to a shift from mechanical solidarity, characterized by shared values and norms in traditional societies, to organic solidarity, which is dominant in complex and heterogeneous modern societies, where social relationships are built on specialization and interdependence. This shift has brought consequences such as the phenomenon of anomie, where traditional norms and values become blurred, leading to identity confusion and alienation, particularly among the younger generation. Additionally, social and economic inequality, social fragmentation due to urbanization, individualism eroding the value of mutual aid, identity politics, and the impact of globalization with the influx of foreign values, further threaten social cohesion in Indonesia. Therefore, the role of social institutions such as education, which transmits collective values and shapes social identity, as well as family, religion, law, and government, is vital in building trust, reducing inequality, and creating inclusive spaces. This study uses literature review to explore Durkheim's ideas and apply them to Indonesia's social reality, with the aim of providing recommendations for maintaining inclusive, fair, and sustainable social solidarity amid diversity and global change.