Entrepreneurial Competence in the Era of Digital Transformation: A Systematic Literature Review

The acceleration of digital transformation (DT) has brought about structural changes across all areas of education, including curriculum design, teaching and learning strategies, and institutional culture. As the influence of digital technologies expands, a fundamental reconfiguration of educational systems is underway. Against this backdrop, entrepreneurship education has gained increasing attention as a domain that cultivates the ability to address uncertainty and complexity in digital society through creative problem-solving and the creation of social and economic value. Entrepreneurial competence, which is not a single job-specific skill but a multidimensional construct that integrates problem-solving, critical thinking, collaboration, and digital literacy across contexts, is becoming increasingly important in the digital era. This study aims to identify the core entrepreneurial competences required in the era of digital transformation and to analyze technology-integrated instructional strategies that support their development, thereby deriving implications for curriculum design and education policy. To this end, a systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, targeting 87 peer-reviewed English-language journal articles published between January 2021 and June 2025. The analysis revealed that digital transformation influences the education system structurally, extending beyond the mere adoption of technologies. Artificial intelligence (AI), data analytics, and digital collaboration tools were found to play a central role in promoting learners’ innovative thinking and entrepreneurial behavior. These technologies, in particular, contributed directly to the cultivation of key entrepreneurial competences—such as creativity, problem-solving, teamwork, and digital literacy—and have been integrated not merely as auxiliary tools but as essential components of competence-based instruction. By providing an integrative educational perspective on the interaction between digital transformation and entrepreneurship education, this study makes a theoretical contribution and highlights the curricular relevance of AI literacy. It also offers practical implications for educators, curriculum developers, and policymakers who seek to design entrepreneurship education models suited to digital learning environments. Key words: Digital Transformation, Entrepreneurship Education, Entrepreneurial Competence, AI Literacy, Systematic Literature Review