Design of Two-Stage Electricity Spot Market Model Considering Carbon Emission Trading

To promote the process of carbon emission reduction in the electric power industry and achieve the goal of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”, the construction of a unified national power market system is being accelerated. A two-stage market clearing model considering load participation in carbon trading is proposed to reduce carbon emissions and facilitate clean energy substitution in the electricity sector. First, an initial carbon quota allocation method for thermal power units based on zero sum gains-data envelopment analysis is introduced, and the electricity market clearing model considering carbon trading is established. Then, based on the market clearing results from the first stage, the new energy consumption of loads is determined using the power flow tracing theory, and the Chinese certified emission reduction (CCER) is calculated. Following CCER carbon offset rules, the second stage of carbon emission trading is initiated, and the secondary electricity market subject to carbon emission constraints, is cleared based on the carbon trading results. Finally, an analysis using the improved IEEE 30-bus system is conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed market model. The results show that the proposed model not only helps reduce the carbon emissions from thermal power units but also increases the market share of new energy consumption and lowers average electricity prices. Additionly, the model provides a viable scheme for the large-scale marketization consumption of new energy.