Technological trends in functional biopolymer coatings and immobilization matrices: a systematic patent review (1992–2025)

This project aims to conduct a systematic review of patent documents related to biopolymer-based immobilization matrices and functional coatings, with a focus on technological innovation, application trends, and sustainability. The study investigates patents filed between 1992 and 2025, sourced from major international databases including Espacenet, Google Patents, WIPO, Lens.org, and INPI Brazil. The review explores the use of natural polymers such as cellulose, alginate, pectin, and other functional biopolymers in technologies designed for microorganism immobilization, controlled release, coatings, and barrier systems. A special focus is placed on hybrid formulations involving industrial residues, green chemistry principles, and circular economy strategies. This study follows the PRISMA 2020 methodology, adapted for technology and innovation research, and includes a critical analysis of: Patent composition and claims; Institutional ownership (universities, startups, corporations); Technological maturity and innovation level; Emerging trends in biodegradable and sustainable materials. The ultimate goal is to map innovation pathways, identify technological gaps, and provide strategic insights for researchers, policymakers, and R&D institutions involved in bio-based material development and sustainable innovation. The supplementary material contains data relating to the textual search carried out, available for access.