Solutions to face and combat disinformation: proposals in scientific literature from the web of science

ABSTRACT This study examines the proliferation of false information within the context of post-truth and a society shaped by disinformation. The research question explores the potential answers in the scientific literature for addressing and combating disinformation. The study aimed to present solutions from Web of Science scientific literature for addressing and combating disinformation. As for the methodological procedures, the study is characterized as a bibliographical, exploratory research, with a qualitative and quantitative approach, as well as the use of content analysis. In addition, categorization is used to respond to the third specific purpose, with 289 scientific articles meeting the following requirements: (a) having an abstract and keywords; (b) identifying a solution to combat disinformation; (c) not being duplicated. As for the proposals, 340 solutions were identified, and 42 articles were obtained with more than one type of solution; we also observed the presence of 23 proposed solutions with higher incidence. (a) Science and scientific community; (b) States and governments; (c) Media and communications; (d) Platforms and algorithms; (e) Users and education; and (f) Others. The users and education category received the most proposals, with a considerable portion in different types of literacy. Next, there are media and communications, platforms and algorithms, science and the scientific community, and, finally, others. Therefore, this demonstrates that no single solution is universally effective or ineffective; rather, success depends on the application of a combination of Strategies tailored to the specific context.