Livestock theft dynamics in the Free State: Analysing trends, perceptions, and economic implications (2019-2024)

This study investigates livestock theft in the Free State province of South Africa, a region characterised by high livestock ownership and substantial stock theft rates. A quantitative approach was adopted, utilising structured surveys to analyse trends, perceptions, and the economic implications of this phenomenon. Through these structured surveys with farmers, the research investigates community perceptions and other factors that influence the non-reporting of crimes. Additionally, it analyses theft trends from 2019 to 2024, using statistics from the South African Police Service (SAPS). Findings reveal widespread distrust in the SAPS, with 82% of respondents not reporting livestock theft as they believe the police would do nothing about it. Although livestock theft cases, in particular those involving cattle, sheep, and goat theft, have reportedly decreased, significant fluctuations persist, with cattle theft having the most substantial economic implications. Seasonal trends indicate an increase in theft during peak agricultural periods and religious festivals, with economic losses averaging R175 223 940 over the five years, emphasising the urgent need for effective prevention strategies. The study identifies critical gaps in existing literature and recommends future research in longitudinal studies, qualitative methods and technological solutions to address livestock theft.