Comparative Evaluation of Selected Properties of Stem and Branch Wood of <i>Terminalia superba</i>

Logging residue is a growing national concern in Ghana, yet it has not received adequate attention. Efficient utilization of both stems and branches can promote sustainable use of limited timber resources while minimizing waste. This study investigated the physical, mechanical, and durability properties of stem and branch wood of Terminalia superba to evaluate its potential as a structural raw material. The results revealed significant variations among stem heartwood, stem sapwood, and branch wood. Branch wood exhibited the highest moisture content (88.81%) but the lowest oven-dry density (575.39 kg·m-³), while stem heartwood had the highest density (683.56 kg·m-³) and lowest moisture content (72.68%). Water absorption progressively increased from stem heartwood (56.96%) to branch wood (70.48%). Mechanical properties were superior in stem heartwood, with the highest modulus of elasticity (11,061.09 MPa), modulus of rupture (101.30 MPa), and compression strength (68.82 MPa), whereas branch wood showed the weakest performance. Durability tests revealed stem heartwood as the most resistant to mass loss (22.70%), followed by stem sapwood (34.35%) and branch wood (48.23%). These findings demonstrate the suitability of stem heartwood for high-performance applications requiring strength and durability, while branch wood is more appropriate for less demanding uses. This study underscores the importance of targeted utilization of Terminalia superba components for sustainable and efficient resource management.