Potential molecular mechanisms in different HNP models.

<p>The table presents potential mechanisms of different HNP models, including information on model types, potential pathways, biofunctions, and other relevant details. “/” means not mentioned in the article. BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; ICR mice, Institute of Cancer Research mice; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; TNF-a, tumor necrosis factor-alpha; SDH, succinate dehydrogenase; P2X7, purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel 7; ERK1/2, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2; FKN, fractalkine; CX3R1, CX3C chemokine receptor 1; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; Ca2+, calcium ion; AchRs, acetylcholine receptors; CREB, cAMP response element-binding protein; ROR2, receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2; MMP2, matrix metalloproteinase-2; IL, interleukin; GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; P2Y12, purinergic receptor P2Y, G-Protein coupled 12; Akt, protein kinase B; DRG, dorsal root ganglion; P2X3, purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel 3; CXCR4, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4; SDF1, stromal cell-derived factor 1; GABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid; CXCL1, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1; CCR2, C-C chemokine receptor type 2; CCL2, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2; CGRP, calcitonin gene-related peptide; IB4, isolectin B4; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; 5-HT2A, 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; CB, cannabinoid; GMP, guanosine monophosphate; PKG, protein kinase G; AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; AT2R, angiotensin II type 2 receptor; TRPV1, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1; TRPA1, transient receptor potential ankyrin 1; TrkA: tropomyosin receptor kinase A; PPARs, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors; Brd4, bromodomain-containing protein 4.</p> <p>(DOCX)</p>