FBP inhibits viral infection both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>.

<p>(A) A549 cells were treated with the indicated concentration of FBP for 12 h and then infected with VSV (MOI, 0.1) for 10 h. The RNA levels of VSV were determined by qPCR and normalized to those in the FBP-untreated group. (B) RAW264.7 cells were treated with the indicated concentration of FBP for 12 h, and the level of intracellular FBP was measured by colorimetric assay. (C) E0771 cells were treated with the indicated concentration of FBP for 12 h and then infected with VSV (MOI, 0.1) for 10 h. The RNA levels of VSV were assessed by qPCR. (D) HLCZ01 cells were infected with HCV (JFH-1 strain) (MOI, 0.01) for 72 h and then treated with the indicated concentration of FBP for 12 h. The RNA levels of HCV were determined by qPCR and normalized to those in the FBP-untreated group. (E) Huh7.5-MAVSR cells were infected with HCV (MOI, 0.01) for 72 h and then treated with the indicated concentration of FBP for 12 h. The RNA levels of HCV were assessed by qPCR. (F-H) RAW264.7 cells (F), THP-1 cells (G) and E0771 cells (H) were treated with the indicated concentration of FBP for 12 h and then infected with HSV-1 (MOI, 0.1) for 10 h. The gDNA levels of HSV-1 were determined by qPCR, and the data were normalized to those of the FBP-untreated group. (I-O) Cell viability was assessed using CCK-8 assays after treatment with different concentrations of FBP for 0, 12 or 24 h. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. NS, not significant, *<i>p</i> < 0.05; **<i>p</i> < 0.01; ***<i>p</i> < 0.001, two-tailed Student’s t test.</p> <p>(DOCX)</p>