Inclusivity in global research.

<div><p>Sepsis is the leading postnatal cause of neonatal mortality worldwide. Globally <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> is the leading cause of sepsis in hospitalized neonates. This study reports the development and evaluation of an ELISA for anti-<i>Klebsiella</i> IgG using dried blood spot (DBS) samples and evaluates the association of anti-<i>Klebsiella</i> IgG (anti-Kleb IgG) antibodies in maternal and neonatal samples with the risk of neonatal sepsis. Neonates and their mothers were enrolled at 0–96 hours of life in the neonatal unit of a tertiary referral hospital in Gaborone, Botswana and followed until death or discharge to assess for episodes of blood culture-confirmed neonatal sepsis. Neonates with sepsis had significantly lower levels of <i>Kleb-</i>IgG compared to neonates who did not develop sepsis (Mann-Whitney U, p = 0.012). Similarly, samples from mothers of neonates who developed sepsis tended to have less <i>Kleb-</i>IgG compared to mothers of controls. The inverse correlation between <i>Kleb-IgG</i> levels and all-cause bacteremia suggests that maternal <i>Kleb-</i>IgG may be protective through cross-reactivity with common bacterial epitopes. These data support the continued use of immunoglobulin assays using DBS samples to explore the role of passive immunity on neonatal sepsis risk and reaffirm the critical need for research supporting the development of maternal vaccines for neonatal sepsis.</p></div>