Digital Twins for Urban Mobility: Enabling Real-Time Decision Making in Society 5.0 From Industry 4.0 Technologies to Human-Centered Solutions

Society 5.0 represents a vision where technology and human decision-making work together to address complex social challenges. This research examines how Digital Twins can function as effective decision-support tools in this emerging societal framework, using Urban Mobility as an illustrative case. The principles presented for Urban Mobility Digital Twins (UMDTs) can be applied to many complex systems. The digital twin approach extends beyond specific domains—whether managing water resources, optimizing energy distribution, or planning healthcare services—by creating virtual counterparts that learn continuously from real-world data. Digital twins trans-form how cities approach mobility planning by converting data into practical insights. Planners can visualize potential changes, test different scenarios, and understand impacts on both technical performance and community ex-periences before implementing solutions in the physical world. This method-ology aligns with Society 5.0's central idea: using technology to enhance hu-man wellbeing. By developing accessible, validated models that connect technical and social considerations, digital twins help create shared under-standing among diverse stakeholders and support more informed decision-making.