Advancements in the conceptualization and value realization of river and lake ecosystem products: A Review

【Objective】Research on the conceptualization and value realization of river and lake ecological products in China is still in its infancy. This paper is to review the advance in theoretical understanding and development of the value of these ecological products and provide theoretical support for achieving the high-quality and efficient supply of river and lake ecological products.【Method】We reviewed existing definitions of ecological products, relevant government policies, and case studies. River and lake ecological products are defined based on the inherent properties of river and lake ecosystems. Drawing on established classifications of ecological products, we explore the concept of their value and offer policy recommendations to facilitate its realization.【Result】Ecological products are natural elements that maintain ecological security, support regulatory functions, and provide a favorable living environment. River and lake ecological products, derived from the functions of these ecosystems, can be classified into three categories: supply, regulation, and culture. The review examines how the ecological value of river and lake products can be transformed into economic and social value through appropriate strategies. A set of policy recommendations is presented to support this value realization.【Conclusion】We clearly define the concept of river and lake ecological products, categorize them appropriately, and analyze the processes for realizing their value. The policy suggestions outlined in this review are essential for advancing the practical and theoretical understanding of these products, offering significant insights and guidance for future research and application in the field.