Two-Stage Optimal Dispatching Method for Highway Service-Area Microgrid Considering Emergency Power-Supply Vehicles

[Objective] Given the sudden drop in photovoltaic power generation in highway service-area microgrids and the interruption of interconnection lines with the large power grid caused by extreme events such as snowstorms and heavy rains， a two-stage optimization scheduling method for highway service-area microgrids， considering emergency power-supply vehicles， is proposed to ensure the stable energy supply of microgrids in service areas. [Methods] In the day-ahead stage， the flexibility of the dispatchable energy storage capacity in the integrated energy microgrid in the service area is considered. The optimization goal is to minimize the operation cost of the microgrid. A day-ahead economic scheduling model of the microgrid is established， and the lower limit of the charge state of the energy storage resource is obtained as a parameter of the intraday optimization scheduling stage. In this stage， based on model predictive control theory， an intraday rolling optimization scheduling model is established. Intraday rolling optimization considers the participation of emergency power-supply vehicles in the scheduling of service-area microgrids， and the various energy loads in the service area are graded according to their importance. The lowest operating cost of the emergency power-supply vehicle and lowest load-shedding penalty are taken as objective functions to obtain the final intraday optimization scheduling. [Results] By constructing simulation examples of photovoltaic output drop and grid interruption under extreme scenarios， the proposed method is compared and analyzed with the state of charge （SOC） optimization constraint scheme without energy storage and the scheduling scheme without considering an emergency power-supply vehicle. The simulation results indicate that the proposed method significantly reduces the curtailment of electrical， thermal， and cooling loads while concurrently achieving a reduction in system operational costs. [Conclusions] Case analysis verifies the effectiveness of the proposed two-stage optimization scheduling method for the service-area microgrid in extreme scenarios. The coordinated scheduling mechanism of the energy storage system and the emergency power-supply vehicle not only enhances the external shock resistance of the service-area microgrid but also achieves the dual goals of improving energy-supply stability and optimizing operating costs， ensuring a stable energy supply for important loads in the service-area microgrid.