Electrodes Coated with Polyaniline/Cerium Tungstate\nNanostructures for Detection of Hydrazine in Food and Environmental\nSamples

Detection of hydrazine (HZ) in food\nand environmental samples is\nof immense importance. The development of a highly sensitive, inexpensive,\nand rapid electrochemical method for the detection of HZ remains a\nformidable challenge in the field of electrochemical sensors. In this\nstudy, we developed a polyaniline-anchored cerium tungstate (PANI@CeW)\nnanostructure prepared using <i>in situ</i> electrodeposition\nonto a screen-printed electrode (SPE) surface (PANI@CeW/SPE) for the\nelectrochemical detection of HZ. The synergistic effect between PANI\nand cerium tungstate nanostructures showed an excellent electrochemical\nresponse toward HZ oxidation and linear concentrations of 10–800\nand 50–950 nM with a detection limit of 3.5 and 15 nM for amperometry\nand DPV methods, respectively. The developed electrode facilitates\nthe real-time detection of HZ in kelp, fish, and drinking water samples.\nThe results obtained using the developed electrode were cross-validated\nusing high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. This report\nprovides direction for the development of electrochemical sensors\ntoward the detection of HZ in food and environmental samples.