Relationship between oral microbiota and pregnancy

The oral microbial community undergoes significant changes during pregnancy due to constant changes in hormones, immune levels, dietary habits, and other external environmental factors. Recent evidence suggests a link between periodontal disease and pregnancy-related oral dysbiosis. Although this oral dysbiosis and pathogenic periodontal bacteria are thought to be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, it remains unclear how pregnancy-related oral dysbiosis regulates oral diseases and birth outcomes. Prenatal interventions can proactively reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes to protect child health, but further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms. Understanding the changes in oral microorganisms during pregnancy is critical for this endeavor.