Comprehensive Evaluation of LID Deployment on Mountain Sponge City: Evidence from Yuzhong, Chonging in China

\nTo comprehensively assess the effects of different Low Impact Development (LID) measures on urban rainfall and water quality control, this study focuses on the Liberation Monument Street in Yuzhong District, Chongqing City, and establishes a coupled model for water quantity and water quality. The model calibration and validation are carried out by targeting the uncertain parameters in the model, using watershed characteristic factors as the objective function. Different LID scheme with varying deployment areas were proposed to explore the control effects of water quantity and water quality indicators. The comprehensive evaluation of various schemes, including water quantity, water quality, construction and operational costs, was conducted using the life cycle cost, the analytic hierarchy process, and the principal component analysis. The results show that combination of green roof 10.62 hm2, permeable pavement 45.15 hm2, and biological retention pool 1.14 hm2 is the best, with a total construction cost of 181.53 million RMB. Under different return periods, the optimal scheme varies, providing a reference for selecting the best LID combi-nation deployment scheme under different return periods.\n