Source-Grid-Load-Storage Synergistic Planning Considering Electricity-Carbon Coupling and Flexible Supply-Demand Balance

In the context of the power and carbon trading markets， addressing the flexibility requirements of power systems with a high penetration of renewable energy while minimizing investments and construction costs is crucial. This paper proposes a collaborative planning method for source-grid-load-storage， incorporating electricity-carbon coupling and flexible supply-demand balance. First， the electricity-carbon coupling relationship is established by considering electricity prices and carbon trading prices. Second， the adjustable potential of flexible load is analyzed， and a price-based demand response model is developed based on adaptive time-sharing tariffs under electricity-carbon coupling. Third， the flexibility supply capacity of various resources within the power system is assessed， leading to the formulation of a flexibility supply-demand equilibrium model. This model is further refined using a full life-cycle theory. Subsequently， a two-layer source-grid-load-storage cooperative planning model is proposed， with the upper layer aimed at minimizing the integrated cost of construction investment using the equal annual value method， while the lower layer seeks to minimize the sum of the annual operational cost of the power system and the annual carbon trading cost. Finally， the improved adaptive genetic algorithm is used to solve the model. The case study results demonstrate that the proposed method provides a valuable reference for the collaborative planning of source-grid-load-storage systems.