Aggregation and Operation Key Technology of Virtual Power Plant with Flexible Resources in Electricity Market Environment: Review

The rapid development and increasing number of flexible resource technologies offer immense potential for enhancing the flexibility and economic efficiency of power systems. Virtual power plants (VPPs) provide an effective means for supporting the participation of massive, heterogeneous, and decentralized resources in power market transactions through coordinated management and aggregated control of these resources. Addressing issues such as the difficulty in efficiently managing diverse and massive heterogeneous flexible resources within VPPs in the power market environment, benefit conflicts among different operating entities, and the coupling relationship between energy and ancillary services, this paper analyzes and summarizes the technical challenges, current research progress, and future research directions in the end-to-end operation of flexible resource VPPs in the power market environment. The analysis focuses on three aspects of flexible resource VPPs: aggregated modeling, bidding strategies, and operational control. It systematically summarizes the model characteristics, correlations, and applicable scenarios of relevant mainstream technological approaches. This comprehensive understanding of the key scientific issues, core theoretical methods, and mainstream technical solutions involved in flexible resource VPPs in the power market environment provides suggestions for future research directions and technological development of flexible resource VPPs.