Comparative insights and future directions of AI in the courts of the Baltic States

Abstract In the Baltic States—Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania—a commitment to modernization and economic growth has led to an emphasis on digitization and the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) within public sectors, including judicial systems. Estonia, known for its technological advancement, leads in digital justice within the EU, while Lithuania and Latvia are making substantial progress. The relatively small population and court systems in these countries present both opportunities and challenges for AI deployment. This paper provides a comprehensive and practical analysis of AI implementation in the courts of the Baltic States, presenting the regulatory frameworks, policy documents, and specific examples of AI tools currently used in the judicial systems of the three countries. It also examines the future prospects of AI integration in these legal systems. The paper draws on publicly available sources, legal instruments, academic literature, and expert interviews conducted in the three Baltic States.