What role can batteries play in a low-carbon transition?

Several aspects of the “energy transition”, in particular the development of the electricity sector and the electrification of transport, rely on energy storage and in particular batteries. After describing the construction and operation of a lithium-ion battery, we analyse the expected progress and environmental impact of these batteries in the event of widespread deployment. Finally, we attempt to better identify the uses for which batteries are really relevant and those for which complementary solutions need to be found.