Overionized plasma in the supernova remnant Sagittarius A East anchored by XRISM observations

Sagittarius燗燛ast is a supernova remnant with a unique surrounding environment, as it is located in the immediate vicinity of the supermassive black hole at the Galactic center, Sagittarius燗$^{*}$. The X-ray emission of the remnant is suspected to show features of overionized plasma, which would require peculiar evolutionary paths. We report on the first observation of Sagittarius燗燛ast with the X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM). Equipped with a combination of a high-resolution microcalorimeter spectrometer and a large field-of-view CCD imager, we for the first time resolved the Fe xxv K-shell lines into fine structure lines and measured the forbidden-to-resonance intensity ratio to be $1.39 \pm 0.12$, which strongly suggests the presence of overionized plasma. We obtained a reliable constraint on the ionization temperature just before the transition into the overionization state, of $\gt\! 4\:$keV. The recombination timescale was constrained to be $\lt\! 8 \times 10^{11} \:$cm$^{-3}\:$s. The small velocity dispersion of $109 \pm 6\:$km$\:$s$^{-1}$ indicates a low Fe ion temperature $\lt\! 8\:$keV and a small expansion velocity $\lt\! 200\:$km$\:$s$^{-1}$. The high initial ionization temperature and small recombination timescale suggest that either rapid cooling of the plasma via adiabatic expansion from dense circumstellar material or intense photoionization by Sagittarius燗$^{*}$ in the past may have triggered the overionization.