Target Isolationof Prenylated Isoflavonoids and Pterocarpansfrom Acosmium diffusissimum Using LC–MS/MS-BasedMolecular Networking

This is the report of the HPLC-MSn-guided isolation of new anti-inflammatory prenylated isoflavonoids and pterocarpans from the stems of Acosmium diffusissimum using GNPS molecular networking as the main tool. Cluster analysis guided the isolation of five new prenylated isoflavonoids, diffusiflavone A–E (<b>1–4</b> and <b>9</b>), two prenylated pterocarpans, diffusicarpan A and B (<b>5</b> and <b>6</b>), and two known compounds 6-prenylorobol (<b>7</b>) and 3-<i>O</i>-methylquercetin (<b>8</b>). The in vitro anti-inflammatory potential of compounds <b>1–6</b> and <b>9</b> was assessed in macrophages induced with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Compounds <b>2</b>, <b>3</b>, <b>5</b>, and <b>9</b> were observed to have a reduction in NO levels in at least one of the concentrations tested (1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 μg/mL) and also reduced IL-1β and IL-6 cytokines, especially diffusicarpan A which reduced cytokine levels in all the concentrations tested.