Dynamic X‑ray\nCoherent Diffraction Analysis:\nBridging the Time Scales between Imaging and Photon Correlation Spectroscopy

The advent of diffraction limited sources and developments\nin detector\ntechnology opens up new possibilities for the study of materials <i>in situ</i> and <i>operando</i>. Coherent X-ray diffraction\ntechniques such as coherent X-ray diffractive imaging (CXDI) and X-ray\nphoton correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) are capable for this purpose\nand provide complementary information, although due to signal-to-noise\nrequirements, their simultaneous demonstration has been limited. Here,\nwe demonstrate a strategy for the simultaneous use of CXDI and XPCS\nto study <i>in situ</i> the Brownian motion of colloidal\ngold nanoparticles of 200 nm diameter suspended in a glycerol–water\nmixture. We visualize the process of agglomeration, examine the spatiotemporal\nspace accessible with the combination of techniques, and demonstrate\nCXDI with 22 ms temporal resolution.