ExperimentalMethods for Measuring Potential and CurrentDensity Distributions at Bipolar Electrodes

Bipolar electrodes (BPEs) are wireless electrodes where electrochemical reactions occur without the need of ohmic contact but rather through an induced electric field established within the electrolytic solution. Although the contactless nature of these electrodes is one of the most captivating features in view of their numerous applications, at the same time, it also represents a limitation because potential and current density distributions cannot be exactly measured. Nevertheless, several experimental methods to indirectly detect these parameters on BPEs have been reported over the years, and they will be extensively described in this tutorial article.