Vertical electrical sounding techniques training on frozen multilayer soils in a cold laboratory

\nThis paper presents a comprehensive plan for teaching the method of Vertical Electrical Sounding in the cold laboratory of the Geography Department of MSU on model-prepared frozen multilayer soils. Vertical electrical sounding (VES) is the definitive method for studying the structure of the Earth's crust. It does this by measuring the electrical resistance of rocks at different depths. A four-electrode setup is used for VES (AB is the supply electrode, and MN is the receiving electrode). The process involves measuring the current in AB and the potential difference at MN, calculating the apparent resistivity, and increasing the AB differences. The results are presented in the form of a RES curve and a transect. We will consider typical transects and VES curves (two-layer curves with ρ1 < ρ2 and ρ1 > ρ2). We will now interpret the bilayer section (sediment-granites). This allows you to master both the theory and practice of the VES method under conditions that mirror those in the field. VES, model soils, frozen soils, multilayer soils, training\n