Advancements and Challenges in Molten Salt Energy Storage for Solar Thermal Power Generation

Solar power, which is one of the most abundant and sustainable energy sources, has attracted a lot of attention for its clean and renewable attributes amid a growing global demand for renewable energy. Molten salt (MS) energy storage technology is an innovative and effective method of thermal energy storage. It can significantly improve CSP (concentrated solar power) systems’ stability and efficiency. This review first introduces the importance of solar energy and then delves into the development and applications of MS energy storage technology. Traditional MSs (e.g., Solar Salt and Hitec Salt) face issues of thermal stability and corrosion at high temperatures, whereas improved MSs have shown significant enhancements in thermal properties. This paper summarizes research achievements in improving MS performance through the addition of alkaline substances, optimization of MS ratios, and introduction of nanoparticles to form nanofluids. Furthermore, the paper covers future research areas and challenges for MS energy storage technology. These include the creation of new MS materials, system design optimization, and cost reduction strategies. Technology utilizing MS energy storage is a promising component of energy systems of the future, as it contributes significantly to the advancement of renewable energy sources and increases energy efficiency.