Photonic-Enhanced Perovskite Solar Cells: Tailoring\nColor and Light Capture

The current exponential\ngrowth of solar electricity technologies\ntoward consumer-oriented applications, as in building- or vehicle-integrated\nphotovoltaics (B/VIPV), is calling for improved solar cells, not only\nin cost-effectiveness, but also with better adaptability and aesthetics.\nHere, using perovskite solar cells (PSCs) as test bed, we demonstrate\nan unprecedented photonic method to generate any color on a cell layout,\nwhile also increasing PV efficiency. To this end, photonic surface\nfeatures were designed for PSCs, which filled the dual purpose of\nlight-trapping (LT) and modulation of reflected light interference.\nA variety of geometries, from simple gratings to complex semispheroids,\nwere optically optimized for two of the most challenging colors, magenta\nand green, while assuring the generation of their maximum feasible\nphotocurrent. The best results corresponded to a current density of\n22.07 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, obtained for the magenta solar cell with\ntop domes, exhibiting an increase of 6.68%, relative to an optimized\nplanar reference cell. In turn, the same type of geometry was able\nto generate the leading green cell, with up to 21.40 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> (a relative increase of 3.44%). Additionally, the uniformity of\nthe optical output of the optimal solar cells was tested under a range\nof incident light angles, between 0<sup>◦</sup> and 60<sup>◦</sup>, where the current density suffered relative losses\nonly down to 6.65%.