Plasma-Catalyzed\nSustainable Nanostructured Carbon\nSynthesis: Advancing Chemical-Looping CO<sub>2</sub> Fixation

Clean energy-driven\nhigh-flux CO-to-C conversion has\nbecome increasingly\nurgent following the recent validation of CO<sub>2</sub>-to-CO-to-C\nchemical looping. This approach addresses rising net carbon emissions\nand the growing demand for green nanocarbons, but the CO-to-C conversion\nlimits process capacity. Meanwhile, sustainable nanocarbon production\nvia mainstream thermal catalytic chemical vapor deposition of hydrocarbons\nfaces bottlenecks. CO<sub>2</sub> is released during thermal reactions,\nand the process is hindered by the high temperatures, gas dilution\nrequirements, rapid catalyst deactivation, and inconsistent carbon\nquality. Here, we report a strategy using cost-efficient iron oxides,\ncombining nonthermal plasma, the Boudouard reaction, and fluidized\nbed technology for electrified high-flux CO-to-C conversion. This\nprocess integrates high carbon yield (>228.9 g<sub>C</sub> g<sub>Fe</sub><sup>–1</sup>) and synthesis rate (30.2 g<sub>C</sub> g<sub>Fe</sub><sup>–1</sup> h<sup>–1</sup>), operates\nan\nelectrically driven mode at a reduced temperature (577 °C), avoids\ncatalyst deactivation (>11 h), requires no gas dilution, and produces\nhigh-quality nanocarbons (nanofibers/nanocoils), demonstrating its\nindustrial potential for sustainable nanocarbon synthesis and CO<sub>2</sub> fixation.