Design of an Ultra-Thin Metamaterial Absorber With Machine Learning-Assisted Absorption Prediction

An absorber is a block of material employed to absorb a portion of the energy of an incident particle. Research on absorbers is rapidly expanding as a result of their prospective applications in several fields, including wireless communications and military purposes. However, conventional absorbers have dense size and design complexity that make them unsuitable for a multitude of practical applications. Metamaterial-based absorbers (MMAs) have garnered significant attention with respect to their low density, narrow layers, and high absorption capacity. In this article, we introduce a new ultra-thin tri-layered Ni–MgF<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub>–Ni metamaterial absorber structure, which is designed using machine learning. It has a balanced and symmetrical layout with a metal-dielectric-metal arrangement and a high-temperature endurance. Its resonator design is defined by mathematical deduction from the Conference matrix. The performance of MMA has been evaluated at wavelengths ranging from 250 to 1150 nm, as well as in various modes-TM, TE, and TEM. The results demonstrate that the proposed MMA has exceptional absorption capacities, with an overall absorption of 96.18% within the test range. It offers excellent mean absorption percentages of 99% in the optical region (350 to 750 nm), 95.23% in the ultraviolet (UV) range, and 94.38% in the near-infrared (NIR) range. Furthermore, MMA exhibits an absorption efficiency of 99.99% at a particular wavelength of 424.93 nm. In this work, various machine learning techniques have been applied to predict the absorption of the proposed MMA design. The XGBoost meta-learner-based Stacking ensemble machine learning technique achieves the highest prediction efficiency. Finally, the explainable AI technique with the LIME framework has been used to analyze the predictions of applied machine learning models.