High-Performance\nSupercapacitive Pressure Sensors\nvia Height-Grading Micro-Domes of Ionic Conductive Elastomer

Soft capacitive sensors present numerous appealing characteristics,\nincluding simple structure, low power consumption, and fast response.\nHowever, they often suffer from low sensitivity and a limited linear\nsensing range. Herein, a concept is presented to enhance the sensitivity\nand linearity of supercapacitive pressure sensors by functionally\ngrading the heights of macrodomes constructed from a highly elastic\nand ionic conductive elastomer made of poly(vinyl alcohol) and phosphoric\nacid (PVA/H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>). The resultant supercapacitive\nsensors exhibit a high sensitivity (423.42 kPa<sup>–1</sup>), wide linear sensing range (0–400 kPa), ultralow limit of\ndetection (0.48 Pa), and high durability (stable signal outputs up\nto 5000 cycles of loading/unloading). Additionally, the sensors can\nmaintain consistent sensing performance within a temperature range\nof 25–40 °C. The potential of the sensor in health monitoring\nis demonstrated through ultrahigh-resolution weight measurement, pulse\ndetection, and respiration monitoring.